Carcinoma in situ is a group of abnormal cells that appear on the organs first and has not spread to other parts. These abnormal cells can develop into cancer and spread to the surrounding normal tissue.
In medical terms, carcinoma in situ is known as the earliest form of cancer that has not spread. The term carcinoma in situ is used in several types of cancer that attack certain body parts. Here are some conditions of carcinoma in situ that are often found.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Ductal Carsinoma in Situ (DCIS) are abnormal cells that appear in the milk ducts in the breast. DCIS is considered to be the earliest form of breast cancer. DCIS is noninvasive, meaning it has not spread beyond the milk ducts and attacks other breast tissue.
In many cases, DCIS does not cause certain signs or symptoms. But sometimes, DCIS can cause signs and symptoms such as the appearance of a lump in the breast, as well as the discharge with blood on the nipple. DCIS is usually discovered through a mammogram procedure that is part of breast cancer screening.
Until now not yet known what causes DCIS. DCIS is formed when genetic mutations occur in the DNA of breast duct cells. Genetic mutations cause changes in normal cells in the breast, but these cells do not yet have the ability to get out of the breast ducts. However, there are a number of factors that might trigger DCIS including genes from parents or heredity, environment, and lifestyle.
DCIS is not life-threatening but requires treatment to prevent it from becoming malignant. See your doctor immediately if you find changes and symptoms in the breast. Consider routine breast cancer screening for women aged 40 years and over.
Lobular Carcinoma In Situ
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or also called lobular neoplasia are cells that look like cancer cells that grow in the mammary glands (lobules). LCIS is not considered cancer, and generally does not spread beyond the mammary gland or become invasive breast cancer even if it is not treated. Nevertheless, LCIS can increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Women who suffer from LCIS have about 7 to 12 times higher risk of developing malignant cancer in both breasts. Therefore, women with LCIS need to routinely undergo breast cancer screening and follow-up by a doctor is needed.
Often, LCIS does not cause any noticeable lumps or changes that can be seen on a mammogram. In most cases, LCIS is found when biopsy is performed for breast disorders due to other conditions that are nearby.
Cervical Carcinoma In Situ
Cervical carcinoma in situ are abnormal cells that appear on the surface of the cervix and have not penetrated deeper into the surrounding tissue. Cervical carcinoma in situ is considered to be the earliest stage of cervical cancer which is usually caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) that spreads through sexual contact and unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking, sexual intercourse from an early age, low-fruit and vegetable diets, using pills Birth control for a long time, and infected with chlamydia.
Cervical cancer often does not cause symptoms at the cervical carcinoma stage in situ, symptoms can appear after progressing to the next stage. Because it is important for you to do a pap smear, colposcopy, or even a biopsy as an early detection step for cervical cancer. Cervical cancer screening is recommended for women aged 21-65 years.
Colorectal Carcinoma In Situ
Colorectal carcinoma in situ is abnormal cells found in the mucosa or the innermost lining of the wall of the large intestine or rectum, but its growth has not exceeded the mucosa. Nevertheless, these abnormal cells can develop into cancer. The stage of colorectal cancer is generally determined from the results of physical examination, biopsy, and imaging tests such as CT scan, MRI, or X-ray.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma In Situ
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in situ are abnormal cells that grow on the surface wall of the nasopharynx. These abnormal cells have not spread to the nearest tissues, lymph nodes, or other organs in your body. Although the abnormal cells have not spread, there is a big chance that they will develop into malignant cancer if left untreated. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in situ is the earliest or stage 0 stage of nasopharyngeal cancer.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ, also known as Bowen's disease, is the earliest form of skin cancer or squamous cell carcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ looks like reddish spots on the skin. Bowen's disease generally does not cause symptoms, although it can feel itchy or sore on the skin that has abnormalities. Like most skin cancers, this condition most often appears in areas that are often exposed to sunlight, but can also appear in the anal area and genital area. Bowen's disease can sometimes develop into malignant squamous cell skin cancer, so doctors usually recommend special treatments to deal with it. Squamous cell carcinoma patients in situ are more at risk of developing other types of skin cancer, so follow-up by a doctor is very important.
Treatment of Carcinoma In Situ
In general, carcinoma in situ treatment depends on the location of abnormal cells appearing, the type of cancer and also the health condition of the sufferer. Handling this early-stage cancer can be with chemotherapy drugs, radiation therapy, to surgery. The earlier this condition is handled, the higher the rate of hope for recovery.
Don't hesitate to consult a doctor if you have family members who have cancer, and do regular screening.
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